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Stem Cell Review: Tissue Repair (EP10) (8:20)
Rebuilding tissue with stem cell products requires bioengineering. Bob Langer of MIT helps us understand the bio-engineer's role in (a) the isolation, purification, and expansion of cells (b) the encapsulation - immuno-isolation (c) the creation of scaffolds to guide the cell development, and (d) the monitoring of stem cell activity and clinical benefit. Bob shares clinical stories including heart tissue repair and spinal cord repair. He then touches on the regulatory aspect of stem cells and devices, which together form combination products. In his future outlook, professor Bob Langer describes cellular therapy for tissue repair, having the potential to bring revolutionary treatments to patients, such as rebuilding organs - something traditional drugs could never accomplish.
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Organogenesis' Apligraf: Allogeneic Cell Based Wound Healing; FDA Approved and Shipping! (EP10) (9:03)
Organogenesis CEO Geoff McKay presents one of the leading cell therapy companies today. Built through revenues over the past 5 years, Organogenesis' lead product, Apligraf, is FDA approved, and currently being sold to wound care centers around the world. Organogenesis' pipeline also includes a tendon repair product (in partnership with Integra LifeSciences), as well as the first product approved by the FDA to stimulate soft tissue regeneration in the mouth (receding gum). Finally, Geoff highlights the business model, according to which Organogenesis is responsible for the product from development and manufacturing to commercialization. Organogenesis has it's own commercial team.
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Stem Cell Review: AutoImmune Diseases & Blood Disorders (EP9) ()
What are Hematopoietic Stem Cells (HSCs)? Where can we we find them? Where do they originate? Hanna Mikkola of UCLA helps us understand HSC, the current limitations in cell expansion that are limiting clinical use, as well as the direction of the efforts being made today to overcome this challenge (better harvesting, in vitro expansion, better engraftment, generating HSCs from human embryonic stem cells or induced pluripotent stem cells). Hanna reviews some of the clinical indications in which HSCs are being used, including leukemia, inherited immune deficiencies, aplastic anemia, and autoimmune diseases. New discoveries in the placenta show it is a niche in which HSCs can proliferate without differentiating, one we can study to understand HSCs expansion. Finally, Hanna gives a future outlook for HSCs.
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Celgene Derives Stem Cells from the Placenta (EP9) ()
Celgene Cellular Therapeutics CEO Bob Hariri presents the company's placental derived adherent cells (PDAC). These are stem cells derived from the placenta. The placenta is nature's perfect allograft, as Bob points out. Placental cells have indeed been found to regulate the immune system. That is why Celgene's PDACs are being administered to shut down auto-reactive destructions of the body. Celgene Cellular Therapeutics' (CCT) principal clinical program is in Crohn's Disease. Additionally CCT's cells might be useful in other auto-immune diseases (such as Multiple Sclerosis), CNS, Diabetes, Cardiac, Oncology, Orthopeics, or Wound Healing. The immune advantage that the placenta means there is no need to match donor to recepient, allowing a true allogeneic / pharma business model. Bob Hariri's long term strategy is to apply the understanding of the fundamental biology to specific diseases, and develop cells a regenerative product, with an extremely rigorous manufacturing program.
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Fate Therapeutics Modulates Cell Fate (EP9) ()
Fate Therapeutic's CEO Paul Grayson presents the company's modulation of endogenous stem cells (stem cell fate). Fate can induce proliferation, differentiation, or modification of the function of a cell. Fate is using iPSCs to recapitulate a cell type in discovery, and see how to modulate that stem cell as a therapy for particular diseases. Fate's products are currently in the clinic treating hematological disorders (such as leukemia, lymphoma) with Hematopoietic Stem Cells (HSC) from cord blood. Fate's unique position in stem cell modulation and with iPSCs give it an IP and a competitive advantage. Financially, the company is sound, and backed by top tier VC including Arch Ventures, Venrock, and Polaris.
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Stem Cell Review: Stem Cells & Diabetes (EP8) ()
Alan Lewis of the Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation distinguishes type 1 and type 2 diabetes, and continues to explain how stem cells are being used today to develop new treatments for type 1 diabetes (a.k.a. juvenile diabetes). Human embryonic stem cells (hESC) are being differentiated to the beta (insulin producing) cells that type 1 diabetics lack, and are being transplanted , in animal models. Since type 1 diabetes is an auto-immune disease, the transplanted cells must be protect from destruction by the immune system. Currently, researchers are working towards that goal with encapsulating technologies and a "gentle" immuno-modulation. In order to treat a diabetic patient, access to an unlimited number of cells is necessary. Alan compares embryonic stem cells, adult stem cells, and iPS as source of cells. And finally, in a future outlook, Alan comments on the FDA's concern for safety, the risk of creating a tumor, artificial pancreas (as an alternative approach), and cell therapy's potential to CURE diseases.
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Novocell Leading Type-1 Diabetes Stem Cell Research (EP8) ()
Novocell CSO Ed Baetge presents the company's pancreatic progenitor cell based approach to the treatment of diabetes type 1. Embryonic stem cells are differentiated into pancreatic progenitor cells and then transplanted in a capsule, where the beta (insulin) cells and islets are formed (invivo). The capsule used must be highly vascularized, and protect the cells from immune destruction. The combination of a cell therapy and a device is how Novocell plans to achieve a superior safety profile in it's future human clinical trials. Ed mentions some of the issues that need to be overcome (including teratoma formation, purity, efficient cell differentiation, encapsulation). Future milestones include the development of a manufacturing for the cells, and a GMP process for the capsules, followed by an FDA pre-registration (expected late 2010), as well as safety, efficacy, and dosing studies for an NDA filing in 2011-2012.
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Pfizer's Broad Use of Stem Cells, in Search of New Cures (EP8) ()
How is Pfizer involved in stem cell research? Joe Hammang, traces back Pfizer's long history in animal based stem cell research for drug screening, and their current use of embryonic stem cells, adult stem cells, and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS). Pfizer's focus was initially in tools, but now also includes a significant effort in diabetes, cardiovascular, and ophthalmology, where there is a significant unmet need. Joe explains Pfizer's particular interest in diabetes, and their collaboration with Novocell. Additionally he underscores Pfizer's research and leadership's commitment to finding therapies that can CURE diseases.
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Stem Cell Review: Neural Stem Cells and CNS Disorder (EP7) (12:47)
What is a neural stem cell? How can they help treat neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, spinal cord injury, stroke, ALS (Lou Gehrig's Disease)? Evan Snyder of the Burnham Institute helps define neural stem cells (NSC), explaining that they are relatively inaccessible in the adult patient, but that they seem to benefit from some immunotolerance. It follows that we may be able to use readily available lines of embryonic stem cells for therapy in neurodegenerative disease. Evan reviews current clinical applications for neural stem cells (including as a vehicle for small molecule delivery), and gives his future outlook for neural stem cells. Evan forsees NSCs being used in anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective functions, to deliver tumor killing genes, and to build iPS drug discovery models.
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StemCells Inc. using Neural Stem Cells for their Neuroprotective Effect (EP7) (11:11)
Discover StemCells, Inc (NASDAQ: STEM). A pioneer in the field of neural stem cells, StemCells Inc was founded by the renown Irving Weissman, Fred Gage, and David Anderson. Martin McGlynn, CEO, presents StemCells Inc's use of neural stem cells, and clinical development strategy based on the neuroprotective effect of neural stem cells. Stem Cells Inc is preparing a BLA for NCL (a.k.a. Batten's Disease). Martin reveals the source of the stem cells used, as well as the quantity of cells needed for the treatment of various diseases. StemCells Inc's next clinical trials (PMD, spinal cord, macular degeneration) and milestones are also presented here. We conclude this interview with Martin's comments on successfully dealing with the complexity of regularity matters, beyond FDA approval.
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Q Therapeutics and the Role of Neuronal Support Cells (EP7) (7:03)
Discover the Q cells of Q Therapeutics (Private, Salt Lake City, UT). Deborah Eppstein, CEO presents her company, which is focused on the creation of the support cells for the neurons that make up 90% of the central nervous system (CNS). Q Therapeutic's glial progenitor cells - dubbed Q-Cells - form oligodendrocytes and astrocytes. The Q-Cells are "mini-factories" for neuron support cells that help keep neurons healthy and restore their function before they die. Q Therapeutics is targeting demylenating diseases (multiple sclerosis, transverse myelitis, and cerebral palsy), but also other neurodegenerative diseases and conditions (ALS / Lou Garrig's Disease, Alzheimer's Disease, Parkinson's Disease, and spinal cord injury). Q's clinical trial design is centered around a non-systemic therapy (for safety), and objective measure of improvement (for efficacy). In a competitive universe where most companies are focused on neural regeneration, Q-Cells could come in as a good therapeutic complement.
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Stem Cell Review: Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Connective Disorders (EP6) (9:32)
Gordana Vunjak-Novakovic of Columbia University gives us an explanation of what mesenchymal stem cells are; adult stem cells that are present in many organs and tissues, and that drive tissue repair. The main sources of mesenchymal stem cells are bone marrow and fat (adipose tissue), although they can be found lesser quantities in muscle, blood, heart, liver, and other tissues. Mesenchymal stem cells can be used to regenerate many different types of tissue, but the most promising clinical applications are in bone, cartilage, ligaments, muscle, neural cells, and striated muscles. Mesenchymal stem cells are thought to repair the heart muscles through revascularization and recruitment of repair cells, but the data does not yet show that they can convert into heart muscle. In a future outlook, Gordana shares with us what she thinks is in the near future of mesenchymal stem cells: well defined cells that can be differentiated predictably, understanding the importance of cell origin on clinical outcome, new FDA friendly delivery routes, more effective functional markers and monitoring, and increasing interdisciplinary collaboration.
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Angioblast, Mesoblast, and the Medical Applications of Mesenchymal Precursor Cells (EP6) (9:33)
AngioBlast Systems (Private, NY, USA) and Mesoblast (ASX:MSB), Melbourne, Australia) are the two companies featured in this episode of the Stem Cell Review. Michael Schuster presents the companies' mesenchymal precursor cells isolated from bone marrow, for allogeneic treatment. On the one hand, AngioBlast focuses on cardio vascular indications (heart failure, heart attack) with a phase 2 trial that is 2/3rds of the way, and has an encouraging efficacy profile. On the other hand, Mesoblast is focused on orthopedic indications (mainly bone regeneration and cartilage repair) with an equally promising pilot study in long bone fractures that don't heal over time.
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Stem Cell Review: Looking Forward to 2015 (16:23)
How will stem cells change the way we think about treating diseases? Here is the 5 year forward look at the world of Stem Cells, from some of the greatest experts in the field. What are the diseases we'll be treating, and the tools we'll be using in 2015? Where will we be in terms of clinical trials? What are the dangers in the stem cell hype, and medical tourism? How will stem cells pave the way for personalized medicine, and more rational treatments? How important will stem cells become in the drug discovery process? Discussed in the episode are the eye (macular degeneration), the skin, diabetes (type 1 & 2), blood and autoimmune diseases, glioblastoma, HIV, and more.
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Stem Cell Review: Tools for Drug Screening (EP4) (16:13)
Researchers are using stem cells as tools for disease study, drug screening, clinical trial strategy, and personalized medicine. The induced Pluripotent Stem cell (iPS) is giving us a chance to rethink the way we are developing new drugs. These iPS cells are usually created from somatic cells (such as skin), and not embryos or adult stem cells. In creating iPS from patients' diseased cells, scientists can study the disease in vitro, looking for disease phenotypes, applying microenvironmental stress, and testing new drugs. Compared to animal model testing (e.g. mice), this represents a significant breakthrough, that can be used to validate clinical development strategy and test efficacy in specific groups of patients. iPS is bringing a revolution in drug discovery methodology which is being used to bridge genetics, cell biology, and physiology.
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Stem Cell Review: Biological Processes & Industrial Production (EP3) (22:49)
What are the biological processes that stem cells go through? What are the industrial processes we need to manufacturing? What do we know about cancer stem cells? How do iPS cells fit into the picture vs. embryonic stem cells? In this episode we investigate how the science and research of stem cells is being translated into industrial cell processes to create FDA approvable, and commercializable products. Differentiation, proliferation, migration, retro-differentiation, trans-differentiation, transformation into cancer cells, the role of tumors' micro environments and epigenetics and all reviewed here by the field's foremost experts.
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Stem Cell Review: Allogeneic or Autologous? (EP2) (24:56)
Reviewing the technology, business models, intellectual property, regulatory concerns, transplantation and immune rejection. This is the 2nd episode of the Stem Cell Review.
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Stem Cell Review: Stem Cells at a Glance (EP1) (18:37)
What are the different types of stem cells? Potential medical applications? Different business models? Ethical and political constraints? This 1st episode of the Stem Cell Review is a good introductory overview of stem cells.
Stem Cell Review: Tissue Repair (EP10) (8:20)
<all>Rebuilding tissue with stem cell products requires bioengineering. Bob Langer of MIT helps us understand the bio-engineer's role in (a) the isolation, purification, and expansion of cells (b) the encapsulation - immuno-isolation (c) the creation of scaffolds to guide the cell development, and (d) the monitoring of stem cell activity and clinical benefit. Bob shares clinical stories including heart tissue repair and spinal cord repair. He then touches on the regulatory aspect of stem cells and devices, which together form combination products. In his future outlook, professor Bob Langer describes cellular therapy for tissue repair, having the potential to bring revolutionary treatments to patients, such as rebuilding organs - something traditional drugs could never accomplish.
Organogenesis' Apligraf: Allogeneic Cell Based Wound Healing; FDA Approved and Shipping! (EP10) (9:03)
<all>Organogenesis CEO Geoff McKay presents one of the leading cell therapy companies today. Built through revenues over the past 5 years, Organogenesis' lead product, Apligraf, is FDA approved, and currently being sold to wound care centers around the world. Organogenesis' pipeline also includes a tendon repair product (in partnership with Integra LifeSciences), as well as the first product approved by the FDA to stimulate soft tissue regeneration in the mouth (receding gum). Finally, Geoff highlights the business model, according to which Organogenesis is responsible for the product from development and manufacturing to commercialization. Organogenesis has it's own commercial team.
Organogenesis' Apligraf: Allogeneic Cell Based Wound Healing; FDA Approved and Shipping! (EP10)
Stem Cell Review: AutoImmune Diseases & Blood Disorders (EP9) ()
<all>What are Hematopoietic Stem Cells (HSCs)? Where can we we find them? Where do they originate? Hanna Mikkola of UCLA helps us understand HSC, the current limitations in cell expansion that are limiting clinical use, as well as the direction of the efforts being made today to overcome this challenge (better harvesting, in vitro expansion, better engraftment, generating HSCs from human embryonic stem cells or induced pluripotent stem cells). Hanna reviews some of the clinical indications in which HSCs are being used, including leukemia, inherited immune deficiencies, aplastic anemia, and autoimmune diseases. New discoveries in the placenta show it is a niche in which HSCs can proliferate without differentiating, one we can study to understand HSCs expansion. Finally, Hanna gives a future outlook for HSCs.
Stem Cell Review: AutoImmune Diseases & Blood Disorders (EP9)
Celgene Derives Stem Cells from the Placenta (EP9) ()
<all>Celgene Cellular Therapeutics CEO Bob Hariri presents the company's placental derived adherent cells (PDAC). These are stem cells derived from the placenta. The placenta is nature's perfect allograft, as Bob points out. Placental cells have indeed been found to regulate the immune system. That is why Celgene's PDACs are being administered to shut down auto-reactive destructions of the body. Celgene Cellular Therapeutics' (CCT) principal clinical program is in Crohn's Disease. Additionally CCT's cells might be useful in other auto-immune diseases (such as Multiple Sclerosis), CNS, Diabetes, Cardiac, Oncology, Orthopeics, or Wound Healing. The immune advantage that the placenta means there is no need to match donor to recepient, allowing a true allogeneic / pharma business model. Bob Hariri's long term strategy is to apply the understanding of the fundamental biology to specific diseases, and develop cells a regenerative product, with an extremely rigorous manufacturing program.
Fate Therapeutics Modulates Cell Fate (EP9) ()
<all>Fate Therapeutic's CEO Paul Grayson presents the company's modulation of endogenous stem cells (stem cell fate). Fate can induce proliferation, differentiation, or modification of the function of a cell. Fate is using iPSCs to recapitulate a cell type in discovery, and see how to modulate that stem cell as a therapy for particular diseases. Fate's products are currently in the clinic treating hematological disorders (such as leukemia, lymphoma) with Hematopoietic Stem Cells (HSC) from cord blood. Fate's unique position in stem cell modulation and with iPSCs give it an IP and a competitive advantage. Financially, the company is sound, and backed by top tier VC including Arch Ventures, Venrock, and Polaris.
Stem Cell Review: Stem Cells & Diabetes (EP8) ()
<all>Alan Lewis of the Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation distinguishes type 1 and type 2 diabetes, and continues to explain how stem cells are being used today to develop new treatments for type 1 diabetes (a.k.a. juvenile diabetes). Human embryonic stem cells (hESC) are being differentiated to the beta (insulin producing) cells that type 1 diabetics lack, and are being transplanted , in animal models. Since type 1 diabetes is an auto-immune disease, the transplanted cells must be protect from destruction by the immune system. Currently, researchers are working towards that goal with encapsulating technologies and a "gentle" immuno-modulation. In order to treat a diabetic patient, access to an unlimited number of cells is necessary. Alan compares embryonic stem cells, adult stem cells, and iPS as source of cells. And finally, in a future outlook, Alan comments on the FDA's concern for safety, the risk of creating a tumor, artificial pancreas (as an alternative approach), and cell therapy's potential to CURE diseases.
Novocell Leading Type-1 Diabetes Stem Cell Research (EP8) ()
<all>Novocell CSO Ed Baetge presents the company's pancreatic progenitor cell based approach to the treatment of diabetes type 1. Embryonic stem cells are differentiated into pancreatic progenitor cells and then transplanted in a capsule, where the beta (insulin) cells and islets are formed (invivo). The capsule used must be highly vascularized, and protect the cells from immune destruction. The combination of a cell therapy and a device is how Novocell plans to achieve a superior safety profile in it's future human clinical trials. Ed mentions some of the issues that need to be overcome (including teratoma formation, purity, efficient cell differentiation, encapsulation). Future milestones include the development of a manufacturing for the cells, and a GMP process for the capsules, followed by an FDA pre-registration (expected late 2010), as well as safety, efficacy, and dosing studies for an NDA filing in 2011-2012.
Pfizer's Broad Use of Stem Cells, in Search of New Cures (EP8) ()
<all>How is Pfizer involved in stem cell research? Joe Hammang, traces back Pfizer's long history in animal based stem cell research for drug screening, and their current use of embryonic stem cells, adult stem cells, and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS). Pfizer's focus was initially in tools, but now also includes a significant effort in diabetes, cardiovascular, and ophthalmology, where there is a significant unmet need. Joe explains Pfizer's particular interest in diabetes, and their collaboration with Novocell. Additionally he underscores Pfizer's research and leadership's commitment to finding therapies that can CURE diseases.
Pfizer's Broad Use of Stem Cells, in Search of New Cures (EP8)
Stem Cell Review: Neural Stem Cells and CNS Disorder (EP7) (12:47)
<all>What is a neural stem cell? How can they help treat neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, spinal cord injury, stroke, ALS (Lou Gehrig's Disease)? Evan Snyder of the Burnham Institute helps define neural stem cells (NSC), explaining that they are relatively inaccessible in the adult patient, but that they seem to benefit from some immunotolerance. It follows that we may be able to use readily available lines of embryonic stem cells for therapy in neurodegenerative disease. Evan reviews current clinical applications for neural stem cells (including as a vehicle for small molecule delivery), and gives his future outlook for neural stem cells. Evan forsees NSCs being used in anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective functions, to deliver tumor killing genes, and to build iPS drug discovery models.
StemCells Inc. using Neural Stem Cells for their Neuroprotective Effect (EP7) (11:11)
<all>Discover StemCells, Inc (NASDAQ: STEM). A pioneer in the field of neural stem cells, StemCells Inc was founded by the renown Irving Weissman, Fred Gage, and David Anderson. Martin McGlynn, CEO, presents StemCells Inc's use of neural stem cells, and clinical development strategy based on the neuroprotective effect of neural stem cells. Stem Cells Inc is preparing a BLA for NCL (a.k.a. Batten's Disease). Martin reveals the source of the stem cells used, as well as the quantity of cells needed for the treatment of various diseases. StemCells Inc's next clinical trials (PMD, spinal cord, macular degeneration) and milestones are also presented here. We conclude this interview with Martin's comments on successfully dealing with the complexity of regularity matters, beyond FDA approval.
StemCells Inc. using Neural Stem Cells for their Neuroprotective Effect (EP7)
Q Therapeutics and the Role of Neuronal Support Cells (EP7) (7:03)
<all>Discover the Q cells of Q Therapeutics (Private, Salt Lake City, UT). Deborah Eppstein, CEO presents her company, which is focused on the creation of the support cells for the neurons that make up 90% of the central nervous system (CNS). Q Therapeutic's glial progenitor cells - dubbed Q-Cells - form oligodendrocytes and astrocytes. The Q-Cells are "mini-factories" for neuron support cells that help keep neurons healthy and restore their function before they die. Q Therapeutics is targeting demylenating diseases (multiple sclerosis, transverse myelitis, and cerebral palsy), but also other neurodegenerative diseases and conditions (ALS / Lou Garrig's Disease, Alzheimer's Disease, Parkinson's Disease, and spinal cord injury). Q's clinical trial design is centered around a non-systemic therapy (for safety), and objective measure of improvement (for efficacy). In a competitive universe where most companies are focused on neural regeneration, Q-Cells could come in as a good therapeutic complement.
Stem Cell Review: Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Connective Disorders (EP6) (9:32)
<all>Gordana Vunjak-Novakovic of Columbia University gives us an explanation of what mesenchymal stem cells are; adult stem cells that are present in many organs and tissues, and that drive tissue repair. The main sources of mesenchymal stem cells are bone marrow and fat (adipose tissue), although they can be found lesser quantities in muscle, blood, heart, liver, and other tissues. Mesenchymal stem cells can be used to regenerate many different types of tissue, but the most promising clinical applications are in bone, cartilage, ligaments, muscle, neural cells, and striated muscles. Mesenchymal stem cells are thought to repair the heart muscles through revascularization and recruitment of repair cells, but the data does not yet show that they can convert into heart muscle. In a future outlook, Gordana shares with us what she thinks is in the near future of mesenchymal stem cells: well defined cells that can be differentiated predictably, understanding the importance of cell origin on clinical outcome, new FDA friendly delivery routes, more effective functional markers and monitoring, and increasing interdisciplinary collaboration.
Stem Cell Review: Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Connective Disorders (EP6)
Angioblast, Mesoblast, and the Medical Applications of Mesenchymal Precursor Cells (EP6) (9:33)
<all>AngioBlast Systems (Private, NY, USA) and Mesoblast (ASX:MSB), Melbourne, Australia) are the two companies featured in this episode of the Stem Cell Review. Michael Schuster presents the companies' mesenchymal precursor cells isolated from bone marrow, for allogeneic treatment. On the one hand, AngioBlast focuses on cardio vascular indications (heart failure, heart attack) with a phase 2 trial that is 2/3rds of the way, and has an encouraging efficacy profile. On the other hand, Mesoblast is focused on orthopedic indications (mainly bone regeneration and cartilage repair) with an equally promising pilot study in long bone fractures that don't heal over time.
Angioblast, Mesoblast, and the Medical Applications of Mesenchymal Precursor Cells (EP6)
Stem Cell Review: Looking Forward to 2015 (16:23)
<all>How will stem cells change the way we think about treating diseases? Here is the 5 year forward look at the world of Stem Cells, from some of the greatest experts in the field. What are the diseases we'll be treating, and the tools we'll be using in 2015? Where will we be in terms of clinical trials? What are the dangers in the stem cell hype, and medical tourism? How will stem cells pave the way for personalized medicine, and more rational treatments? How important will stem cells become in the drug discovery process? Discussed in the episode are the eye (macular degeneration), the skin, diabetes (type 1 & 2), blood and autoimmune diseases, glioblastoma, HIV, and more.
Stem Cell Review: Tools for Drug Screening (EP4) (16:13)
<all>Researchers are using stem cells as tools for disease study, drug screening, clinical trial strategy, and personalized medicine. The induced Pluripotent Stem cell (iPS) is giving us a chance to rethink the way we are developing new drugs. These iPS cells are usually created from somatic cells (such as skin), and not embryos or adult stem cells. In creating iPS from patients' diseased cells, scientists can study the disease in vitro, looking for disease phenotypes, applying microenvironmental stress, and testing new drugs. Compared to animal model testing (e.g. mice), this represents a significant breakthrough, that can be used to validate clinical development strategy and test efficacy in specific groups of patients. iPS is bringing a revolution in drug discovery methodology which is being used to bridge genetics, cell biology, and physiology.
Stem Cell Review: Biological Processes & Industrial Production (EP3) (22:49)
<all>What are the biological processes that stem cells go through? What are the industrial processes we need to manufacturing? What do we know about cancer stem cells? How do iPS cells fit into the picture vs. embryonic stem cells? In this episode we investigate how the science and research of stem cells is being translated into industrial cell processes to create FDA approvable, and commercializable products. Differentiation, proliferation, migration, retro-differentiation, trans-differentiation, transformation into cancer cells, the role of tumors' micro environments and epigenetics and all reviewed here by the field's foremost experts.
Stem Cell Review: Biological Processes & Industrial Production (EP3)
Stem Cell Review: Allogeneic or Autologous? (EP2) (24:56)
<all>Reviewing the technology, business models, intellectual property, regulatory concerns, transplantation and immune rejection. This is the 2nd episode of the Stem Cell Review.
Stem Cell Review: Stem Cells at a Glance (EP1) (18:37)
<all>What are the different types of stem cells? Potential medical applications? Different business models? Ethical and political constraints? This 1st episode of the Stem Cell Review is a good introductory overview of stem cells.